{"id":1643,"date":"2025-06-16T11:10:41","date_gmt":"2025-06-16T11:10:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lightskyblue-grasshopper-667170.hostingersite.com\/?p=1643"},"modified":"2025-12-30T08:50:32","modified_gmt":"2025-12-30T08:50:32","slug":"hvad-er-thetta-cbam-og-ets-og-allt-thad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/samal.is\/en\/hvad-er-thetta-cbam-og-ets-og-allt-thad\/","title":{"rendered":"Hva\u00f0 er \u00feetta CBAM og ETS og allt \u00fea\u00f0?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1643\" class=\"elementor elementor-1643\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-783679fe e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"783679fe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ca41249 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6ca41249\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #ea5b0a;\"><strong>ETS vi\u00f0skiptakerfi\u00f0 me\u00f0 kolefniseiningar<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Kerfi\u00f0 byggir \u00e1 ESB regluger\u00f0 en tilgangurinn me\u00f0 kerfinu er a\u00f0 \u00fer\u00fdsta \u00e1 fyrirt\u00e6ki a\u00f0 draga \u00far kolefnislosun og sty\u00f0ja vi\u00f0 markmi\u00f0 ESB um kolefnishlutleysi \u00e1ri\u00f0 2050. \u00deegar ETS kerfinu var komi\u00f0 \u00e1, fengu fyrirt\u00e6ki \u00ed starfsemi sem fellur undir regluger\u00f0ina \u00f3keypis \u00fathlutun kolefniseininga mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 framlei\u00f0slu \u00e1 \u00feeim t\u00edma. \u00deau sem hins vegar hafa vilja\u00f0 auka s\u00edna framlei\u00f0slu og \u00fear me\u00f0 losun CO<sub>2\u00edg<\/sub> hafa \u00feurft a\u00f0 kaupa vi\u00f0b\u00f3tar einingar.\u00a0 \u00deannig myndast hvati fyrir fyrirt\u00e6ki a\u00f0 leita allra lei\u00f0a til a\u00f0 draga \u00far nett\u00f3 losun.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Skatturinn er lag\u00f0ur \u00e1 j\u00e1rn, st\u00e1l, sement, \u00e1bur\u00f0, \u00e1l, vetni og rafmagn. H\u00e9r er fjalla\u00f0 s\u00e9rstaklega um \u00e1hrif regluverksins \u00e1 \u00e1lframlei\u00f0slu.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"547\" height=\"220\" class=\"wp-image-1644 alignleft\" style=\"text-align: center;\" src=\"https:\/\/lightskyblue-grasshopper-667170.hostingersite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/samal.is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image.png 547w, https:\/\/samal.is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-300x121.png 300w, https:\/\/samal.is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-18x7.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 547px) 100vw, 547px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ea5b0a;\"><strong>CBAM (Carbon border adjustment mechanism):<\/strong> <\/span>Tilgangur CBAM er a\u00f0 koma \u00ed veg fyrir kolefnisleka og verja samkeppnish\u00e6fi ESB. \u00deannig \u00e1 CBAM a\u00f0 fasast inn um lei\u00f0 og ETS fr\u00edheimildirnar fasast \u00fat og er gert r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 gerist \u00e1 9 \u00e1rum fr\u00e1 2026 til 2035.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ea5b0a;\"><strong>Frumframlei\u00f0sla \u00e1ls.<\/strong><\/span> Verksmi\u00f0jur innan ESB sem framlei\u00f0a \u00e1l \u00feurfa a\u00f0 grei\u00f0a fyrir kolefnislosun me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 kaupa ETS heimildir. Auk \u00feess grei\u00f0a raforkuframlei\u00f0endur \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu fyrir losunarheimildir vegna raforkuframlei\u00f0slu, lei\u00f0i h\u00fan til losunar CO<sub>2\u00edg<\/sub> sem \u00f3hj\u00e1kv\u00e6milega gerist byggi s\u00fa framlei\u00f0sla \u00e1 jar\u00f0efnaeldsneyti.\u00a0 \u00deessar \u00e1l\u00f6gur h\u00e6kka raforkuver\u00f0 sem hefur \u00e1hrif \u00e1 \u00e1lframlei\u00f0endur. \u00d3beint grei\u00f0a \u00fev\u00ed \u00e1lframlei\u00f0endur innan ESB l\u00edka fyrir kolefnislosun vegna raforkuframlei\u00f0slunnar \u00ed formi h\u00e6rra raforkuver\u00f0s.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:image {\"id\":1644,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\"} --><!-- \/wp:image --><!-- wp:paragraph --><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>\u00c1lframlei\u00f0sla er raforkus\u00e6kinn i\u00f0na\u00f0ur og ver\u00f0myndun \u00e1 \u00e1li framleiddu \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu tekur mi\u00f0 a\u00f0 heimsmarka\u00f0sver\u00f0i \u00e1 al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legum m\u00f6rku\u00f0um \u00fear sem samkeppni er mikil. \u00dear er ekki teki\u00f0 tillit til \u00feeirra \u00ed\u00feyngjandi skatta sem \u00e1lframlei\u00f0endur \u00ed ESB \u00feurfa a\u00f0 grei\u00f0a en Evr\u00f3pusambandi\u00f0 gengur lengst allra r\u00edkja\/\u00e1lfa \u00feegar kemur a\u00f0 r\u00f6mmum um kolefnislosun og markmi\u00f0um um kolefnishlutleysi \u00e1ri\u00f0 2050.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>CBAM er sem fyrr segir \u00e6tla\u00f0 a\u00f0 jafna samkeppnisst\u00f6\u00f0u evr\u00f3pska i\u00f0na\u00f0arins og koma \u00ed veg fyrir aukinn innflutning \u00e1ls til Evr\u00f3pu \u00e1 kostna\u00f0 \u00e1ls framleiddu innan Evr\u00f3pu.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>\u00c1l flutt inn \u00e1 ESB sv\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 skal \u00feannig bera samb\u00e6rilegan kolefnisskatt og \u00e1l framleitt innan ESB. Me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed m\u00f3ti \u00e1 a\u00f0 jafna samkeppnisst\u00f6\u00f0u evr\u00f3pskra fyrirt\u00e6kja.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ea5b0a;\"><strong>D\u00e6mi:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"440\" height=\"209\" class=\"wp-image-1645 alignright\" style=\"text-align: center;\" src=\"https:\/\/lightskyblue-grasshopper-667170.hostingersite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-1.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/samal.is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-1.png 440w, https:\/\/samal.is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-1-300x143.png 300w, https:\/\/samal.is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-1-18x9.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 440px) 100vw, 440px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:image {\"id\":1645,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\"} --><!-- \/wp:image --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ea5b0a;\"><strong>CBAM lei\u00f0r\u00e9tting:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:image {\"id\":1646,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\"} --><!-- \/wp:image --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Me\u00f0 \u00feessu m\u00f3ti \u00e1 ver\u00f0 \u00e1ls framleitt utan- og innan ESB a\u00f0 vera samb\u00e6rilegt.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"452\" height=\"115\" class=\"wp-image-1646 alignright\" style=\"text-align: center;\" src=\"https:\/\/lightskyblue-grasshopper-667170.hostingersite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-2.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/samal.is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-2.png 452w, https:\/\/samal.is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-2-300x76.png 300w, https:\/\/samal.is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-2-18x5.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 452px) 100vw, 452px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Fl\u00e6kjustig kerfisins er talsvert. \u00deannig \u00fearf a\u00f0 skr\u00e1 kolefniss\u00f6gu allra vara sem eru fluttar inn til ESB og falla undir CBAM. \u00dear er \u00e1tt vi\u00f0 alla losun sem framlei\u00f0sla v\u00f6runnar hefur leitt af s\u00e9r \u00e1 \u00f6llum stigum, einnig m\u00f6gulegri kolefnislosun raforkuframlei\u00f0slunnar (scope II). Kolefnislosun framlei\u00f0slunnar \u00ed upprunalandi (e\u00f0a upprunal\u00f6ndum) er skr\u00e1\u00f0, sem og \u00feeir skattar sem \u00feegar hafa veri\u00f0 greiddir af hverju losu\u00f0u tonni af CO<sub>2 <\/sub>\u00ed upprunalandi (en \u00fea\u00f0 er mismunandi milli r\u00edkja hvort, og \u00fe\u00e1 hversu h\u00e1ir kolefnislosunarskattar eru).<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Mismunurinn er skattlag\u00f0ur vi\u00f0 komuna inn \u00ed ESB.\u00a0 Me\u00f0 \u00feessu m\u00f3ti \u00e1 framlei\u00f0sla innan ESB a\u00f0 standast samkeppni vi\u00f0 framlei\u00f0slu utan ESB \u00fe\u00f3tt svo l\u00e6gri kr\u00f6fur s\u00e9u ger\u00f0ar um kolefnisspor \u00ed upprunalandi.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>CBAM \u00e1 einnig a\u00f0 vera hvati fyrir r\u00edki utan Evr\u00f3pusambandsins a\u00f0 setja m\u00f6rk um losun CO<sub>2\u00edg<\/sub> me\u00f0 skattlagningu. R\u00edki sem skattleggur kolefnislosun framlei\u00f0slu \u00ed heimalandi f\u00e6r \u00feannig kolefnisskattinn af losuninni \u00ed s\u00edna sj\u00f3\u00f0i, \u00ed sta\u00f0 \u00feess a\u00f0 sj\u00f3\u00f0ir ESB f\u00e1i skattinn vi\u00f0 komu inn \u00ed ESB. \u00deannig myndi vara sem ber s\u00f6mu kolefnisskatta \u00ed heimalandi og vara framleidd \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu ekki bera skatt vi\u00f0 innflutning inn \u00e1 evr\u00f3pska efnahagssv\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ea5b0a;\"><strong>H\u00e6ttur<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><em>Afskur\u00f0ur (Scrap)<a id=\"_ftnref1\" href=\"#_ftn1\"><strong>[1]<\/strong><\/a>:<\/em> Eins og regluger\u00f0in l\u00edtur \u00fat n\u00fana \u00e1 afskur\u00f0ur (aluminium scrap) ekki a\u00f0 falla undir CBAM. Afskur\u00f0ur er \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1l sem fellur til \u00ed framlei\u00f0slunni en er ekki noth\u00e6ft til s\u00f6lu.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>\u00dea\u00f0 er veruleg h\u00e6tta \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 innflutningur \u00e1 afskur\u00f0i muni aukast \u00fear sem hann fellur ekki undir CBAM og er \u00fear me\u00f0 ekki kolefnisskattlag\u00f0ur. Afskur\u00f0inn er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 br\u00e6\u00f0a upp eins og frum\u00e1l til frekari vinnslu me\u00f0 mun l\u00e6gri kostna\u00f0i. \u00dearna er \u00e1l \u00ed s\u00e9rstakri h\u00e6ttu vegna l\u00e1gs endurvinnslukostna\u00f0ar. \u00dea\u00f0 m\u00e1 alveg sj\u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0 fyrir a\u00f0 skilgreiningar \u00e1 hva\u00f0 teljist afskur\u00f0ir f\u00e1i mun v\u00ed\u00f0ari merkingu ef \u00fea\u00f0 ver\u00f0ur til \u00feess a\u00f0 l\u00e6kka ver\u00f0 \u00e1 innfluttu \u00e1li. Frumframleitt \u00e1l innan ESB \u00e1 \u00fear me\u00f0 ekki m\u00f6guleika \u00ed samkeppni vi\u00f0 \u00e1l sem er flutt inn til ESB sem \u201escrap\u201c e\u00f0a afgangar.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><em>Raforkuframlei\u00f0sla:<\/em> \u00dea\u00f0 er til umr\u00e6\u00f0u a\u00f0 reikna losun vegna raforkuframlei\u00f0slu undir CBAM.\u00a0 Raforkuframlei\u00f0sla innan ESB fellur undir vi\u00f0skiptakerfi me\u00f0 kolefniseiningar (ETS). Ef raforkuframlei\u00f0sla losar \u00feannig CO<sub>2<\/sub>, eins og gerist s\u00e9 orkugjafinn jar\u00f0efnaeldsneyti, \u00fe\u00e1 grei\u00f0a raforkufyrirt\u00e6kin gjald \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 hvert losa\u00f0 tonn af CO<sub>2<\/sub>.\u00a0 \u00deannig h\u00e6kkar raforkuver\u00f0 til \u00e1lframlei\u00f0enda sem \u00f3beint grei\u00f0a \u00fe\u00e1 enn frekari kolefnisskatt \u00e1 s\u00edna framlei\u00f0slu. Raforkunet ESB er meira og minna eitt net og er raforka innan ESB framleidd me\u00f0 mismunandi h\u00e6tti. Hluti hennar er framleiddur me\u00f0 jar\u00f0efnaeldsneyti e\u00f0a kjarnorku en hluti er l\u00edka framleiddur me\u00f0 endurn\u00fdjanlegum orkugj\u00f6fum eins og vind- og vatnsorku. \u00deannig ver\u00f0ur til me\u00f0al losun CO<sub>2\u00edg<\/sub> vegna framlei\u00f0slu raforku innan ESB sem er vi\u00f0mi\u00f0 og byggir CBAM skattlagning inn \u00e1 evr\u00f3pska efnahagssv\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed vi\u00f0mi\u00f0i.\u00a0 \u00dearna eru enn frekari t\u00e6kif\u00e6ri til sni\u00f0g\u00f6ngu.<strong><br \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ea5b0a;\"><strong>D\u00c6MI:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:image {\"id\":1647,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\"} --><!-- \/wp:image --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"385\" height=\"245\" class=\"wp-image-1647 alignright\" style=\"font-weight: inherit; text-align: center;\" src=\"https:\/\/lightskyblue-grasshopper-667170.hostingersite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-3.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/samal.is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-3.png 385w, https:\/\/samal.is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-3-300x191.png 300w, https:\/\/samal.is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-3-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 385px) 100vw, 385px\" \/>Framlei\u00f0endur sem flytja \u00e1l inn til ESB geta broti\u00f0 starfsemi s\u00edna upp \u00ed a\u00f0skildar einingar og<\/p>\n<p>skilgreint raforku vegna framlei\u00f0slu \u00e1ls sem \u00e1 a\u00f0 selja inn \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu sem endurn\u00fdjanlega. Raforka framleidd me\u00f0 jar\u00f0efnaeldsneyti m\u00e1 svo skrifa \u00e1 varning sem skal flytja \u00fat til landa sem skattleggja ekki kolefnisspor<a id=\"_ftnref2\" href=\"#_ftn2\">[2]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:image {\"id\":1648,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\"} --><!-- \/wp:image --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Upprunavottor\u00f0 raforku fl\u00e6kja m\u00e1l<span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">in enn frekar. D\u00e6mi eru um a\u00f0 framlei\u00f0sla \u00e1 \u00e1li me\u00f0 raforku sem er 100% framleidd me\u00f0 kolum er skr\u00e1\u00f0 endurn\u00fdjanleg a\u00f0 fullu. \u00dear hefur fyrirt\u00e6ki keypt upprunavottor\u00f0 af vistv\u00e6num orkuframlei\u00f0anda \u00ed Brasil\u00edu me\u00f0 mj\u00f6g \u00f3lj\u00f3sa sannvottun.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"241\" height=\"250\" class=\"wp-image-1648 alignleft\" style=\"text-align: center;\" src=\"https:\/\/lightskyblue-grasshopper-667170.hostingersite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-4.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/samal.is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-4.png 241w, https:\/\/samal.is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-4-12x12.png 12w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 241px) 100vw, 241px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>K\u00edna er \u00ed mikilli \u00fatr\u00e1s og m\u00f6rg \u00e1lver sem og raforkuver \u00fear \u00ed landi eru \u00ed opinberri eigu. \u00dear gildir einu hva\u00f0a skattar eru lag\u00f0ir \u00e1 k\u00ednverskan varning vi\u00f0 komuna inn \u00ed ESB. K\u00edna l\u00e6kkar bara s\u00f6luver\u00f0i\u00f0 enn meira. \u00dear eru f\u00e6st \u00e1lver rekin me\u00f0 hagna\u00f0i. Fleiri r\u00edki stunda samb\u00e6rilegar a\u00f0fer\u00f0ir eins og Indland og \u00a0Saudi Arabia.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Samt\u00f6kum \u00e1lframlei\u00f0slufyrirt\u00e6kja \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu (EA)<a id=\"_ftnref3\" href=\"#_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> \u00feykir skynsamlegra a\u00f0 b\u00ed\u00f0a me\u00f0 a\u00f0 fella raforkuframlei\u00f0slu undir CBAM \u00fear til raforkuneti\u00f0 innan ESB hefur veri\u00f0 afkola\u00f0 (decarbonized), ellegar er h\u00e6tta \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 reiknu\u00f0 kolefnislosun vegna raforkuframlei\u00f0slu utan ESB ver\u00f0i skr\u00e1\u00f0 l\u00e6gri en me\u00f0algildi raforkunetsins innan ESB, sbr. d\u00e6mi\u00f0 h\u00e9r a\u00f0 ofan.\u00a0 <em>Eins og regluger\u00f0in l\u00edtur \u00fat n\u00fana fellur losun vegna raforkuframlei\u00f0slu (Scope II) ekki undir CBAM.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u00far\u00e1lsframlei\u00f0sla: <\/strong>Hugmyndir eru uppi af h\u00e1lfu skattayfirvalda ESB a\u00f0 fella s\u00far\u00e1lsframlei\u00f0slu undir CBAM, en \u00ed n\u00faverandi kerfi fellur CBAM undir ETS vi\u00f0skiptakerfi\u00f0. \u00deetta er \u00fe\u00f3 ekki raungert og er EA a\u00f0 l\u00e1ta greiningafyrirt\u00e6ki\u00f0 Ramboll sko\u00f0a kosti \u00feess og galla a\u00f0 fella s\u00far\u00e1l undir CBAM. S\u00far\u00e1l er framleitt \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu upp a\u00f0 \u00e1kve\u00f0nu marki og er B\u00e1x\u00edt skilgreint innan ESB sem mikilv\u00e6gt grundvallar hr\u00e1efni atvinnul\u00edfsins (critical element).<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ea5b0a;\"><strong>Fleiri fl\u00e6kjur<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Fl\u00e6kjustig vi\u00f0 skr\u00e1ningu vex gr\u00ed\u00f0arlega \u00ed \u00feeim tilfellum \u00feegar \u00edhlutir \u00far \u00e1li eru framleiddir a\u00f0 hluta innan ESB og a\u00f0 hluta utan.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>ETS kerfi\u00f0 fram a\u00f0 \u00feessu hefur mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 heildar losun fr\u00e1 hverri verksmi\u00f0ju \u00f3h\u00e1\u00f0 fj\u00f6lda v\u00f6ruflokka sem \u00fear eru framleiddir.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>CBAM er hins vegar v\u00f6rutengt og n\u00e6r yfir tug\u00fe\u00fasundir v\u00f6ruflokka sem eru fluttar til ESB. Kolefnislosun vegna \u00feeirrar framlei\u00f0slu \u00fearf a\u00f0 brj\u00f3ta ni\u00f0ur fyrir hvern einasta v\u00f6ruflokk og \u00feannig \u00fearf a\u00f0 skilgreina CO<sub>2<\/sub> losun fyrir hverja v\u00f6ru. Innan sama fyrirt\u00e6kis geta svo veri\u00f0 framleiddar fj\u00f6lmargar mismunandi v\u00f6rutegundir. \u00deessi skr\u00e1ning er afar fl\u00f3kin og t\u00edmafrek.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Til umr\u00e6\u00f0u er a\u00f0 \u00fatb\u00faa\u00a0<strong>sta\u00f0la<\/strong> um hvern v\u00f6ruflokk og byggja \u00e1 me\u00f0algildum hvers upprunalands fyrir sig.\u00a0 \u00deannig v\u00e6ri h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 b\u00faa til sta\u00f0labanka fyrir \u00fe\u00fasundir v\u00f6ruflokka og au\u00f0velda verulega \u00fatreikninga og skr\u00e1ningar, b\u00e6\u00f0i skattayfirvalda og fyrirt\u00e6kja. Sl\u00edkir sta\u00f0lar yr\u00f0u m\u00f3ta\u00f0ir innan ESB og g\u00e6tu \u00fev\u00ed fyrirt\u00e6ki utan ESB ekki viki\u00f0 s\u00e9r undan \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 gera upp r\u00e9tt kolefnisspor \u00e1 grundvelli uppruna\u00e1byr\u00f0a og\/e\u00f0a <em>\u201evistv\u00e6nna sk\u00faffufyrirt\u00e6kja\u201c. <\/em>\u00a0Hva\u00f0 var\u00f0ar vi\u00f0mi\u00f0 um sta\u00f0la hefur veri\u00f0 lagt til a\u00f0 alltaf s\u00e9 mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 me\u00f0al losun \u00ed frumframlei\u00f0slu upprunalands og ef um varning er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a sem er eing\u00f6ngu \u00far afskur\u00f0um (scrap og endurunni\u00f0) s\u00e9 mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 losun frumframlei\u00f0slu \u00ed upprunalandi og til vara, upprunalands \u00fear sem varan var steypt (cast).<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ea5b0a;\"><strong><em>\u00datflutningur:<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0<\/span> CBAM r\u00e9ttir ekki samkeppnisst\u00f6\u00f0u \u00feeirra fyrirt\u00e6kja sem flytja v\u00f6rur \u00fat \u00far evr\u00f3pska efnahagssv\u00e6\u00f0inu. \u00c1fram eru \u00feessir a\u00f0ilar a\u00f0 borga h\u00e1a kolefnisskatta og \u00fear me\u00f0 er framlei\u00f0slukostna\u00f0ur h\u00e6rri en samkeppnisa\u00f0ila \u00far \u00f6\u00f0rum r\u00edkjum\/\u00e1lfum \u00fear sem reglur eru minna \u00ed\u00feyngjandi en innan ESB.\u00a0 Vi\u00f0 \u00fatflutning f\u00e1 framlei\u00f0endur EKKI endurgreidda ETS gj\u00f6ld<a id=\"_ftnref4\" href=\"#_ftn4\">[4]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ea5b0a;\"><strong><em>Samkeppnish\u00e6fi ESB:<\/em><\/strong><\/span> Orkuver\u00f0 \u00ed ESB er h\u00e6rra en almennt \u00ed heiminum. Orkukr\u00edsan \u00e1ri\u00f0 2022 h\u00e6kka\u00f0i orkuver\u00f0 um 20-25%<a id=\"_ftnref5\" href=\"#_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> og hefur \u00feessi breyting bitna\u00f0 mest \u00e1 orkus\u00e6knum i\u00f0na\u00f0i innan ESB.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>K\u00edna er me\u00f0 60% hlutdeild \u00e1lframlei\u00f0slu \u00ed heiminum og n\u00e6r \u00f6ll \u00e1lver \u00ed K\u00edna eru r\u00edkisrekin og rekin me\u00f0 tapi. K\u00ednverjar, me\u00f0vita\u00f0 ni\u00f0urgrei\u00f0a framlei\u00f0slu \u00e1 varningi sem er \u00ed samkeppni vi\u00f0 a\u00f0rar \u00e1lfur og sama \u00e1 vi\u00f0 um fleiri r\u00edki eins og Saudi Arab\u00edu og Indland.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:image {\"id\":1649,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} --><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:image --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ea5b0a;\"><strong>Anna\u00f0:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>\u00c1g\u00f3\u00f0i af s\u00f6lu ETS kolefnisheimildanna \u00e1 skv. regluger\u00f0 ESB a\u00f0 renna \u00ed sj\u00f3\u00f0i sem styrkja n\u00fdsk\u00f6pun og verkefni sem stu\u00f0la a\u00f0 frekari afkolun ESB.\u00a0 Reyndin er a\u00f0 einungis fj\u00f3r\u00f0ungur af ETS skattinum ver\u00f0ur eftir \u00ed sj\u00f3\u00f0um ESB. \u00dear af er einungis um \u00feri\u00f0jungi vari\u00f0 til n\u00fdsk\u00f6punar, anna\u00f0 fer \u00ed almenna a\u00f0l\u00f6gunarsj\u00f3\u00f0i.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Hafa ber \u00ed huga a\u00f0 sj\u00f3\u00f0ir ESB eru langt \u00ed fr\u00e1 n\u00f3gu digrir til a\u00f0 sty\u00f0ja n\u00e6gilega vi\u00f0 n\u00fdsk\u00f6pun og \u00fer\u00f3un sem stu\u00f0lar a\u00f0 kolefnishlutlausri Evr\u00f3pu \u00e1ri\u00f0 2050.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ea5b0a;\"><strong>Fleira:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>K\u00ednverjar hafa \u00f3hika\u00f0 l\u00e6kka\u00f0 v\u00f6ruver\u00f0 til a\u00f0 standast samkeppni vi\u00f0 \u00fatflutning til Evr\u00f3pu. Ef CBAM skattur ver\u00f0ur h\u00e1r er h\u00e6tta \u00e1 a\u00f0 K\u00edna ni\u00f0urgrei\u00f0i einfaldlega grunnver\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00e1linu til a\u00f0 m\u00e6ta innflutningsgj\u00f6ldum til Evr\u00f3pu.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Hva\u00f0a \u00e1hrif hefur \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1 heimsmarka\u00f0sver\u00f0 t.d. LME ver\u00f0?\u00a0 Ver\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00e1li \u00ed LME tekur ekki mi\u00f0 af framlei\u00f0slukostna\u00f0i \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu e\u00f0a skattlagningu varnings sem kemur inn \u00e1 evr\u00f3pska efnahagssv\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0. \u00deannig r\u00e6\u00f0ur framlei\u00f0slukostna\u00f0ur ekki ver\u00f0i \u00e1 \u00e1li.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><em>Ver\u00f0myndun \u00e1 \u00e1li r\u00e6\u00f0st ekki af framlei\u00f0slukostna\u00f0i heldur af heimsmarka\u00f0sver\u00f0i.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:list --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:separator --><\/p>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<p><!-- \/wp:separator --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><a id=\"_ftn1\" href=\"#_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a> Scrap \u00e1 vi\u00f0 um afskur\u00f0 og afganga sem falla til \u00e1 framlei\u00f0slustigi, \u00e1\u00f0ur en varan n\u00e6r til neytandans.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><a id=\"_ftn2\" href=\"#_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a> Draghi bls 104: \u00a0https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/document\/download\/ec1409c1-d4b4-4882-8bdd-3519f86bbb92_en?filename=The%20future%20of%20European%20competitiveness_%20In-depth%20analysis%20and%20recommendations_0.pdf<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><a id=\"_ftn3\" href=\"#_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a> European Aluminium: https:\/\/european-aluminium.eu\/<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><a id=\"_ftn4\" href=\"#_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a> Draghi: bls 104<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><a id=\"_ftn5\" href=\"#_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a> Draghi: https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/document\/download\/ec1409c1-d4b4-4882-8bdd-3519f86bbb92_en?filename=The%20future%20of%20European%20competitiveness_%20In-depth%20analysis%20and%20recommendations_0.pdf<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>ETS vi\u00f0skiptakerfi\u00f0 me\u00f0 kolefniseiningar Kerfi\u00f0 byggir \u00e1 ESB regluger\u00f0 en tilgangurinn me\u00f0 kerfinu er a\u00f0 \u00fer\u00fdsta \u00e1 fyrirt\u00e6ki a\u00f0 draga \u00far kolefnislosun og sty\u00f0ja vi\u00f0 markmi\u00f0 ESB um kolefnishlutleysi \u00e1ri\u00f0 2050. \u00deegar ETS kerfinu var komi\u00f0 \u00e1, fengu fyrirt\u00e6ki \u00ed starfsemi sem fellur undir regluger\u00f0ina \u00f3keypis \u00fathlutun kolefniseininga mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 framlei\u00f0slu \u00e1 \u00feeim t\u00edma. \u00deau [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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