{"id":1652,"date":"2025-12-16T17:00:14","date_gmt":"2025-12-16T17:00:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lightskyblue-grasshopper-667170.hostingersite.com\/?p=1652"},"modified":"2025-12-18T14:00:48","modified_gmt":"2025-12-18T14:00:48","slug":"hvernig-verdur-raforkuverd-til-i-evropu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/samal.is\/en\/hvernig-verdur-raforkuverd-til-i-evropu\/","title":{"rendered":"Hvernig ver\u00f0ur raforkuver\u00f0 til \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1652\" class=\"elementor elementor-1652\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32c754da e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32c754da\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-643d302f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"643d302f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #00385b;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #00385b;\">Nokku\u00f0 hefur veri\u00f0 r\u00e6tt um raforkuver\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00cdslandi, b\u00e6\u00f0i til almennings en ekki s\u00ed\u00f0ur til atvinnul\u00edfs og \u00fe\u00e1 a\u00f0allega st\u00f3rnotenda.\u00a0 Framan af var almennt tali\u00f0 a\u00f0 raforkuver\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00cdslandi v\u00e6ri l\u00e1gt \u00ed samanbur\u00f0i vi\u00f0 \u00f6nnur r\u00edki og \u00fe\u00e1 kannski s\u00e9rstaklega Evr\u00f3pu sem vi\u00f0 berum okkur i\u00f0ulega saman vi\u00f0. Eitt af \u00fev\u00ed mikilv\u00e6gasta sem \u00cdsland hefur upp \u00e1 a\u00f0 bj\u00f3\u00f0a \u00feegar kemur a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 b\u00e6ta samkeppnish\u00e6fni fyrirt\u00e6kja og efnahagsleg l\u00edfskj\u00f6r almennings hefur veri\u00f0 l\u00e6gri raforkukostna\u00f0ur en b\u00fd\u00f0st annars sta\u00f0ar.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #00385b;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #00385b;\">En s\u00ed\u00f0ustu \u00e1r hefur raforkuver\u00f0 fari\u00f0 \u00f6rt h\u00e6kkandi eins og m\u00e1 sj\u00e1 t.d. \u00ed sk\u00fdrslu Umhverfis- og orkustofnunar um <em>\u00der\u00f3un raforkukostna\u00f0ar og \u00e1hrif \u00e1 notendur<\/em> fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed \u00ed j\u00fan\u00ed 2025. R\u00e9ttilega er bent \u00e1 \u00ed sk\u00fdrslunni a\u00f0 aukinn kostna\u00f0ur s\u00e9 til \u00feess fallinn a\u00f0 hafa \u00e1hrif \u00e1 al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0lega samkeppnish\u00e6fni st\u00f3rnotenda. Raforkukostna\u00f0ur til \u00e1lvera hefur h\u00e6kka\u00f0 um 25% og flutningsgjald til st\u00f3rnotenda um 36% \u00e1 t\u00edmabilinu fr\u00e1 2020 til 2025<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #00385b;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #00385b;\"><strong>En hva\u00f0 hefur \u00e1hrif \u00e1 raforkuver\u00f0?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #00385b;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #00385b;\">Ver\u00f0 \u00e1 raforku r\u00e6\u00f0st a\u00f0 hluta til af frambo\u00f0i og eftirspurn sem og flutningskostna\u00f0i. Einnig koma til kastanna hagkv\u00e6mni raforkukosta, n\u00fdting innvi\u00f0a og fleira tengt rekstri kerfisins og notendum. En \u00fea\u00f0 er fleira sem hefur \u00fearna \u00e1hrif. Raforka \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu er a\u00f0 st\u00f3rum hluta framleidd me\u00f0 jar\u00f0efnaeldsneyti og losar \u00fear me\u00f0 talsver\u00f0an koltv\u00eds\u00fdring \u00fat \u00ed andr\u00famslofti\u00f0.\u00a0 Raforkuframlei\u00f0endur \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu sem framlei\u00f0a raforku me\u00f0 jar\u00f0efnaeldsneyti \u00feurfa \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 kaupa s\u00e9r losunarheimildir samkv\u00e6mt ETS kerfinu, oft nefnd kolefnisgj\u00f6ld. \u00deeim kostna\u00f0i er velt \u00fat \u00ed ver\u00f0lag og \u00fear me\u00f0 h\u00e6kkar hver seld megawattstund sem honum nemur. \u00dev\u00ed meira sem \u00fearf a\u00f0 sty\u00f0jast vi\u00f0 raforku framleidda me\u00f0 jar\u00f0efnaeldsneyti \u00fev\u00ed meiri \u00e1hrif hefur \u00feessi kostna\u00f0ur \u00e1 raforkuver\u00f0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #00385b;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #00385b;\">Raforkuneti\u00f0 innan Evr\u00f3pu er meira og minna samtengt. \u00dea\u00f0 er t.d. h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 selja raforku og flytja landa \u00e1 milli \u00fear sem h\u00e1spennul\u00ednur liggja \u00fevert \u00e1 landam\u00e6ri. Til mikillar einf\u00f6ldunar m\u00e1 a\u00f0 einhverju leyti l\u00edta svo \u00e1 a\u00f0 Evr\u00f3pa s\u00e9 a\u00f0\u00a0 hluta til einn marka\u00f0ur me\u00f0 raforku. \u00dev\u00ed hefur ver\u00f0 \u00e1 raforku \u00ed einu landi, \u00e1hrif \u00e1 raforkuver\u00f0 \u00ed \u00f6\u00f0ru landi tengdu sama raforkuneti.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #00385b;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #00385b;\">\u00dea\u00f0 er mikilv\u00e6gt fyrir r\u00edki Evr\u00f3pu a\u00f0 tryggja samkeppnish\u00e6fi i\u00f0na\u00f0ar \u00ed \u00e1lfunni gagnvart \u00f6\u00f0rum r\u00edkjum og \u00e1lfum heimsins.\u00a0 H\u00e1tt raforkuver\u00f0 hefur veri\u00f0 letjandi \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0ustu \u00e1rum, svo mj\u00f6g a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 hefur haft neikv\u00e6\u00f0 \u00e1hrif \u00e1 i\u00f0na\u00f0 \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu. Fyrirt\u00e6ki hafa veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 draga saman seglin e\u00f0a hreinlega loka og flytja starfsemi s\u00edna til annarra r\u00edkja \u00fear sem rekstrarumhverfi er hagfelldara og raforkuver\u00f0 l\u00e6gra. \u00deetta \u00e1 au\u00f0vita\u00f0 s\u00e9rstaklega vi\u00f0 um fyrirt\u00e6ki \u00ed orkus\u00e6knum i\u00f0na\u00f0i \u00fear sem raforkuver\u00f0 er einn st\u00e6rsti einstaki gjaldali\u00f0urinn \u00ed \u00feeirra rekstri.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #00385b;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #00385b;\">\u00dear sem kolefnisgj\u00f6ld (ETS) raforkuframlei\u00f0enda hafa \u00e1hrif til h\u00e6kkunar raforkuver\u00f0s og draga \u00feannig \u00far samkeppnish\u00e6fi i\u00f0na\u00f0ar \u00ed \u00e1lfunni, hafa r\u00edki Evr\u00f3pu b\u00e6tt st\u00f3rnotendum raforku \u00feennan vi\u00f0b\u00f3tarkostna\u00f0 me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 endurgrei\u00f0a \u00feeim sem nemur h\u00e6kkun \u00e1 raforkuver\u00f0i vegna \u00feessa; a\u00f0 hluta e\u00f0a \u00f6llu leyti.\u00a0 \u00deessi endurgrei\u00f0sla \u00e1 hluta af raforkuver\u00f0inu hefur \u00feau \u00e1hrif a\u00f0 raunver\u00f0 er l\u00e6gra en marka\u00f0sver\u00f0 gefur til kynna fyrir m\u00f6rg fyrirt\u00e6ki.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #00385b;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #00385b;\">Til \u00fatsk\u00fdringar m\u00e6tti s\u00fdna \u00feetta me\u00f0 eftirfarandi mj\u00f6g svo einf\u00f6ldu\u00f0u mynd:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #00385b;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><span style=\"color: #00385b;\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1653 alignright\" style=\"width: 699px; height: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/lightskyblue-grasshopper-667170.hostingersite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-6.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"625\" height=\"460\" srcset=\"https:\/\/samal.is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-6.png 625w, https:\/\/samal.is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-6-300x221.png 300w, https:\/\/samal.is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-6-16x12.png 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 625px) 100vw, 625px\" \/><\/span><span style=\"color: #00385b; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: start;\">Til einf\u00f6ldunar skulum vi\u00f0 gera r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir a\u00f0 framlei\u00f0slukostna\u00f0ur s\u00e9 s\u00e1 sami hver svo sem orkugjafinn er (bl\u00e1tt \u00e1 mynd). Flutningskostna\u00f0ur raforku er s\u00e1 kostna\u00f0ur sem tekur til reksturs og innvi\u00f0a flutningsnets leggst svo ofan \u00e1 raforkuver\u00f0i\u00f0 (rautt \u00e1 mynd). Kolefnisgj\u00f6ld r\u00e1\u00f0ast svo af losun koltv\u00eds\u00fdrings vi\u00f0 raforkuframlei\u00f0sluna, \u00feess h\u00e6rri sem losunin er \u00feess h\u00e6rri gj\u00f6ld \u00a0(gr\u00e6nt \u00e1 mynd). \u00deannig grei\u00f0a kolaorkuver og gasorkuver mest, en vatnsaflsvirkjanir losa ekki neitt og grei\u00f0a \u00fear me\u00f0 engin losunargj\u00f6ld.<\/span><span style=\"color: #00385b; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: start;\">En \u00fear sem ver\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00e1 raforkunni er meira og minna einn pottur ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 lokum til eitthva\u00f0 endanlegt marka\u00f0sver\u00f0 fyrir notendur(svart \u00e1 mynd).<\/span><span style=\"color: #00385b; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: start;\">R\u00edki eins og Noregur framlei\u00f0ir meira og minna alla raforku me\u00f0 endurn\u00fdjanlegum orkugj\u00f6fum og \u00fev\u00ed grei\u00f0a raforkuframlei\u00f0endur \u00ed Noregi ekki kolefnisgj\u00f6ld. Hins vegar r\u00e6\u00f0st ver\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00ed Noregi af marka\u00f0i eins og Nord Pool tengingum vi\u00f0 \u00f6nnur sv\u00e6\u00f0i \u00fear sem raforka er framleidd me\u00f0 jar\u00f0efnaeldsneyti og er \u00fev\u00ed h\u00e6rra en ella vegna kolefnisgjalda sem leggjast \u00e1 raforkuframlei\u00f0endur \u00ed \u00f6\u00f0rum r\u00edkjum. Til \u00feess a\u00f0 b\u00e6ta st\u00f3rum raforkukaupendum \u00ed Noregi upp \u00feessar h\u00e6kkanir, endurgrei\u00f0a stj\u00f3rnv\u00f6ld \u00feennan mismun, sem er s\u00fdnt me\u00f0 gulum hring \u00e1 myndinni. Raunver\u00f0i\u00f0 sem greitt er fyrir raforku er \u00fev\u00ed l\u00e6gra, a.m.k. sem \u00feessum endurgrei\u00f0slum nemur.<\/span><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #00385b;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #00385b;\">\u00deetta er mj\u00f6g mikilv\u00e6gt a\u00f0 hafa \u00ed huga \u00feegar veri\u00f0 er a\u00f0 bera saman raforkuver\u00f0 \u00ed mismunandi l\u00f6ndum. \u00dea\u00f0 er ekki e\u00f0lilegt a\u00f0 mi\u00f0a raforkuver\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00cdslandi vi\u00f0 raforkuver\u00f0 \u00e1 m\u00f6rku\u00f0um \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu. \u00c1 \u00cdslandi er\u00a0 raforkuneti\u00f0 einangra\u00f0 og \u00f6ll orkan er framleidd me\u00f0 endurn\u00fdjanlegum orkugj\u00f6fum og \u00fear me\u00f0 grei\u00f0a orkuframlei\u00f0endur \u00e1 \u00cdslandi engin kolefnisgj\u00f6ld. \u00cdsland \u00fearf a\u00f0 vera samkeppnish\u00e6ft vi\u00f0 raunver\u00f0 \u00ed \u00feeim l\u00f6ndum og \u00e1 \u00feeim sv\u00e6\u00f0um sem vi\u00f0 keppum vi\u00f0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #00385b;\"><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nokku\u00f0 hefur veri\u00f0 r\u00e6tt um raforkuver\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00cdslandi, b\u00e6\u00f0i til almennings en ekki s\u00ed\u00f0ur til atvinnul\u00edfs og \u00fe\u00e1 a\u00f0allega st\u00f3rnotenda.\u00a0 Framan af var almennt tali\u00f0 a\u00f0 raforkuver\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00cdslandi v\u00e6ri l\u00e1gt \u00ed samanbur\u00f0i vi\u00f0 \u00f6nnur r\u00edki og \u00fe\u00e1 kannski s\u00e9rstaklega Evr\u00f3pu sem vi\u00f0 berum okkur i\u00f0ulega saman vi\u00f0. Eitt af \u00fev\u00ed mikilv\u00e6gasta sem \u00cdsland hefur [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1652","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-forsida","category-frodleikur"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/samal.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1652","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/samal.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/samal.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/samal.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/samal.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1652"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/samal.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1652\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1722,"href":"https:\/\/samal.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1652\/revisions\/1722"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/samal.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1652"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/samal.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1652"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/samal.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1652"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}